How Do Trains Stay on the Track?

Jason Kottke posts a Richard Feynman video in which he explains that question, after he tells us why trains can go with solid axles and no differential.

What I now want to know is when was the method invented?  And why didn't Conestoga wagons need a differential (I assume because the wheels could slip?)

[Updated:  turns out the conical shape also contributes to the sway of a railway car.  See this wikipedia article on "hunting oscillation" ,which is a generic name for the phenomena.  And this article goes into more detail than the Feynman video.  It also briefly mentions an alternative to the coned wheel--canting the track.  Not quite clear on how that works--a canted racetrack presumably uses gravity to counterbalance centrifugal forces.  Is that the effect of a canted rail track, or does it also reduce the difference in distance traveled by outside and inside wheels?  Still nothing on when coned wheels were invented.]

Chopper Pilot as Bureaucrat

Tom Ricks' The Best Defense has a post entitled "A Military Genre: a List of the Hard-Won Wisdom of Combat Helicopter Pilots.

You might say there's no way a pilot and a bureaucrat have anything in common, and you'd be almost right.  But don't you think these bits apply?

"6. Decisions made by someone above you in the chain-of-command will seldom be in your best interest.

10. If everything is as clear as a bell, and everything is going exactly as planned, you're about to be surprised. 

14. If the rear echelon troops are really happy, the front line troops probably do not have what they need.

34. Nobody cares what you did yesterday or what you are going to do tomorrow. What is important is what you are doing -- NOW -- to solve our problem.  "

Some of the other items are specific applications of Murphy's Law.

Why Farming Is Dangerous

That was my first reaction when I saw the photos by The Cotton Wife.  They're cute kids and I'm sure the parents are careful, but one price farmers pay for the lifestyle and occupation they love is an increased risk to the people they love.

Where's All the Bureaucrats

Government Executive has a piece including tables showing the 10 most common occupations in government, the Federal government, state and local government.

I was surprised by the lack of classical bureaucrats and by the presence of secretaries:





See the piece for the more detailed breakdown.

Management Expertise in the Private Sector

Let's see: Apple has a $2 billion cost overrun on a headquarters building (now estimated to be a mere $5 billion)

Technology Review reports on a study showing 1 in 6 IT projects have a 200 percent cost overrun.

Drones and FEMA

Seems to me FEMA should immediately create its own air force of drones, first to survey the aftermath of hurricanes, flooding, etc to assess the extent and nature of damage and to track the arrival or non-arrival of aid vehicles; second to provide emergency cell phone service in cases where cell phone towers have been damaged and/or where additional service is needed.

Planting the White House Garden?

Obamafoodorama reports on the planting of the White House garden.  We've had a cool, rather dry couple of months which has delayed everything, particularly the cherry blossoms. 

In our garden we got the peas and lettuce, etc.in fairly early, though not as early as Al, who always beats us.  His peas and lettuce have been showing for a couple weeks now, while I just saw ours this morning.

Mrs. Obama is planting wheat, planning to focus on whole grain foods when it's harvested in the summer. The garden is up to 1,500 square feet, and as they have in the past, they're using seedlings, not seeds so much, which probably explains why they're slower than we are, even though their garden is probably a half zone warmer. 

No mention in the posts about whether the kids are doing any weeding--I think it's safe to say they aren't.  I'm not a parent, but I suspect it's tough to get teenagers to do anything like that.

Digital Library for All

Robert DArnton in the New York Review of Books writes about the launch of the Digital Public Library of America whose modest aim is to "make the holdings of America’s research libraries, archives, and museums available to all Americans—and eventually to everyone in the world—online and free of charge."

He traces the roots of the project back in American history, to our utopianism and pragmatism, the Enlightenment faith in reason and improvement and the practicality of trying to make things better step by step, ideas very appealing to me.

Nurse Anesthetists

Was checking the Bureau of Labor Statistics site and stumbled on this:

"Twenty-four newly defined occupations are included in this release. Computer network support specialists was the largest, with employment of 167,980 in May 2012. The highest paid new occupation was nurse anesthetists, with an annual mean wage of $154,390."

We hear a lot about the jobs which are lost to technology.  (I stumbled on one 19th century article noting that  binders and shockers (for wheat), considered skilled labor, were no longer needed given the development of machine reapers. )  And I'm struck by the salary for the anesthetists.

Drones and Farming

Via Marginal Revolution, here's a Daily Beast piece on drones in farming.  Unlimited possibilities, particularly with precision farming.  Meanwhile Conor Friedersdorf has an article on how drones should be limited in the interests of privacy.